Next, let's discuss what might cause missing spots or a dull finish in the plating when using copper pyrophosphate brightener.
Missed plating in low current density areas:
The plating bath may be contaminated with hexavalent chromium. In this case, treat the bath according to the procedures for hexavalent chromium removal before attempting plating again. Unlike bright nickel plating, nitrate ions do not cause undercutting in pyrophosphate copper plating. However, undercutting may occur if too much brightener is added to the pyrophosphate copper bath; in this case, treat the bath with activated carbon and then adjust the brightener concentration. Alternatively, you can try adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to deactivate part of the brightener before attempting plating again.
The coating appears dull and dark red:
① Excessively high pH
② Insufficient phosphorus
③ Excessive orthophosphate
④ The plating bath is contaminated with small amounts of cyanide or lead impurities
⑤ Excessive chloride ions
⑥ Excessive sulfate ions
In addition, similar issues can arise if the plating bath is too dilute, the ammonia concentration is insufficient, or the bath temperature is too low. So how can this be resolved? Agitating the bath can help improve the situation. Using intermittent current can also alleviate the problem.
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